#building survey exeter

[lanticbuildingsurveyors1]

Homebuyer Report Bristol: Your Essential Guide with Lantic Building Surveyors

When purchasing or selling a home in Bristol, a professional home survey Bristol  is essential to ensure the property is in good condition and free from hidden defects  A Homebuyer Report is a comprehensive evaluation of a property's condition, suitable for conventional houses, bungalows, and flats built from common materials and in reasonable condition. It identifies significant problems such as structural issues, dampness, or subsidence, offering advice on necessary repairs and ongoing maintenance. This report is ideal for buyers seeking clarity on a property's condition before finalizing a purchase.​ Looking to buy a property in Bristol? Ensure peace of mind with a comprehensive home survey tailored to your needs. Our expert RICS-certified surveyors offer detailed reports that highlight structural issues, maintenance concerns, and potential risks helping you make informed decisions before committing to your purchase. Purchasing a home in Bristol is a significant investment, and ensuring the property's condition is paramount. A Homebuyer Report, also known as a Level 2 Survey, provides a detailed assessment of the property's state, highlighting any issues that may affect its value or require attention. Thinking of buying a property in Bristol. A Homebuyer Report Bristol  is an essential step in making a confident, informed purchase. It provides a professional evaluation of the property's condition, helping you identify any issues that could affect its value or require future repair

[lanticbuildingsurveyors]

Building surveyor Bristol

Contact a few surveyors from your list to discuss your requirements, get quotes, and gauge their professionalism and expertise. Building surveyor Bristol help you make an informed decision based on your specific needs and budget. visit us https://lanticbuildingsurveyors.co.uk/

[normally0]

The Architectural News

Following some design work I was taken by the similarity’s between The Wimbledon House and the BEWAG Haus, specifically with regard to the staircases.

The Architectural Drawings at All Souls College, Oxford:�Wren and Hawksmoor

333 - AS IV.122. Survey plan, drawn by Hawksmoor to a scale of 10 ft to an inch (drawn scale). The draughtsmanship is datable to the early 1690s. Dark brown ink over pencil. 448 x 764 mm. Strasbourg lily WR; P. The central axis is dotted in ink. Pencil additions:

* (i) The screens passage is crossed out and a new wall drawn 9–6 ft from the central axis.

* (ii) A canopy is loosely sketched in one of the seventeenth-century rooms.

The cross vault over the chapel may also be an addition.

Note to 333:Wimbledon House was built for Sir Thomas Cecil, afterwards Earl of Exeter, c. 1588. It was subsequently purchased by Charles I and presented to Henrietta Maria, who employed Inigo Jones to undertake alterations in 1638–42. Jones was responsible for the T-shaped arrangement of rooms and corridors situated on the W side of the house. In 1673 (or thereabouts) the house was bought by Thomas Osborne, later 1st Duke of Leeds. The origins of 333 are not recorded. It should be noted, however, that in 1692 Sophia Osborne, a widowed daughter of the Duke of Leeds, married Lord Lempster, Hawksmoor’s patron at Easton Neston.

MAX DUDLER

BEWAG-HAUS

Location Markgrafenstraße 35, D-10117 Berlin

Client Berliner Kraft und Licht BEWAG

Building period 1994–1997

Volume GFA 9.000 m²

The residential and commercial building for Bewag—in a prominent location on Berlin’s Gendarmenmarkt—was built on the site where the city’s oldest power station once stood. The building’s design references the historic town house typology of the Friedrichstadt district. The defining feature is the relief-style stone facade with recessed steel-framed windows. The clearly visible facade screws add a technological touch, alluding to the industrial architecture that used to occupy this site. The building’s axial emphasis and the entrance situation it creates reference the Deutscher Dom (German Church) that faces it on the square.

#WimbledonHouse #BEWAGHaus #ArchitecturalDesign #HistoricInfluence #WrenAndHawksmoor #AllSoulsCollege #ArchitecturalDrawings #InigoJones #ThomasCecil #CharlesI #MaxDudler #Gendarmenmarkt #BerlinArchitecture #IndustrialHeritage #ArchitecturalLegacy #StrasbourgLily #ArchitecturalResearch

[myfeeds]

Philosophy aligns with economics on how to value future generations in climate policy

In a new study published in Nature Climate Change, environmental economists including the University of Exeter’s Professor Ben Groom found consensus between the two academic disciplines over an aspect of climate policy known as the ‘social discount rate’, with philosophers offering support for a rate of 2% — a value predominantly backed by economists, and which is in line with UN climate targets. Social discount rates are used by governments to determine how costs and benefits that occur in the future — such as the impacts of climate mitigation projects, policies and programmes — are valued in the present. A low discount rate places greater value on the benefits to future generations, such as those created by avoiding burning fossil fuels, and increases the costs of carbon emissions used in public investment appraisal. The researchers analysed survey data from over 200 economists and philosophers with expertise in social discounting, who provided a range of qualitative and quantitative answers. They found considerable agreement between the two disciplines for a long-term social discount rate of 2% and on analysing the survey data they found in each discipline the median discounting value resulted in temperature changes of around 1.4 degrees C by the end of the century, a figure in line with the UN Paris climate targets. Small changes to the SDR have significant policy implications: the Trump administration’s increase of the SDR from 3% to 7% reducing the social cost of carbon by a factor of seven, whereas New York State’s decision to reduce its SDR to 2% rather than 3% made the social cost of carbon increase from $40 to $125 per tonne of CO2. The study is the first to attempt to build expert consensus on social discount rates outside the field of economics. Expert advice — predominantly from economists — plays a key role in discounting and its application to climate policy, but the underlying ethical issues at stake fall outside most economists’ expertise. The findings therefore strengthen economists’ arguments for a social discount rate of 2% by underpinning it with ethical concerns for the welfare of future generations and ‘intergenerational equity’. Professor Ben Groom, Dragon Capital Chair in Biodiversity Economics at the University of Exeter said: “That economists and philosophers can agree on policy outcomes builds academic expert consensus, and the paper will help build consensus in favour of the new guidance as it works its way through the US government. “The different perspectives of philosophers are complementary to those of economists and offer ethical checks and balances within integrated assessment models to narrow the set of acceptable climate policies, or offer altogether different procedural lenses through which to evaluate climate policy. These insights will be overlooked if economists continue to dominate the social discounting debate.”

[themedicalstate]

When the Mind’s Eye Is Blind

Some people find it impossible to imagine a friend’s face or their own apartment—a phenomenon named aphantasia. Scientists are beginning to tease out the brain features underlying the condition

By Anna Clemens (Scientific American). Image Credit: Getty Images. 

In 2003 a 65-year-old man brought a strange problem to neurologist Adam Zeman, now at the University of Exeter in England. The patient, later dubbed “MX,” claimed he could not conjure images of friends, family members or recently visited places. All his life, MX, a retired surveyor, had loved reading novels and had routinely drifted off to sleep visualizing buildings, loved ones and recent events. But after undergoing a procedure to open arteries in his heart, during which he probably suffered a minor stroke, his mind’s eye went blind. He could see normally, but he could not form pictures in his mind.

Zeman had never encountered anything like it and set out to learn more. He has since given the condition a name—aphantasia (phantasia means “imagination” in Greek). And he and others are exploring its neurological underpinnings.

An Unusual Blindness

Zeman and his colleagues began their analysis by testing MX’s visual imagination in several ways. Compared with control subjects, MX scored poorly on questionnaires assessing the ability to produce visual imagery. Surprisingly, though, he was able to accomplish tasks that typically involve visualization.

For example, when asked to say which is a lighter color of green—grass or pine trees—most people would decide by imagining both grass and tree and comparing them. MX correctly said that pine trees are darker than grass, but he insisted he had used no visual imagery to make the decision. “I just know the answer,” he said.

He also did fine on a test of the ability to rotate objects mentally. He was shown two pictures of three-dimensional objects and asked to say if they were the same item, pictured before and after being rotated on its axis, or different objects. Yet in contrast to the control group, he took longer to decide, and the time he took did not depend on the degree of rotation. In most people, the more that objects differ in their orientation, the longer it takes to mentally rotate them to see if they might match up.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) supported MX’s claimed inability to produce a mental image. Generally, when people are asked to visualize a person, place or object, a network consisting of various brain regions is activated. Some of them are involved in decision making, others in memory or vision. In MX, the visual regions showed very little activity, whereas those responsible for decision making and error prediction were more active. The finding suggested that MX used a different strategy than the controls did when tackling the visualization tasks.

An extensive literature search on the inability to form visual imagery offered little help in understanding MX. The first mention of this phenomenon was apparently Francis Galton’s “breakfast” study from 1880. The British naturalist asked 100 adult men to talk about the table at which they ate breakfast each morning. He requested information on the lighting, sharpness and color of the images in their head. Much to his astonishment, 12 of his subjects were unable to tell him much: they had assumed up to then that the phrase “mental imagery” was not meant literally.

Since 1880 other researchers had occasionally reported on people who had no ability to create mental imagery. Some had even conducted surveys to estimate the prevalence. In 2009 Bill Faw of Brewton-Parker College in Georgia reported that about 2 percent of the 2,500 people he queried reported having no visual imagination. But aphantasia itself attracted little research or public attention.

That began to change in 2010, after Zeman’s team published its study of MX. Discover magazine reported on the findings, leading a number of people to come forward, all saying they had never been able to create mental images, unlike MX, in whom the problem was new. Zeman and two colleagues then had 21 respondents answer questionnaires about their visual experiences, including one known as the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ).

They published the findings in 2015, using the name “aphantasia” for the first time. Most of the 21 said they realized only in adolescence and early adulthood (through conversations or reading) that other people could call up images in their mind. And although many of the respondents had dreams or flashes of visual imagery while awake, all were substantially or completely unable to purposely call up images in their mind, such as of past vacations or even their own wedding.

Since 2015 aphantasia has became the subject of newspaper articles, television reports, blogs and podcasts. A Facebook entry by American software developer Blake Ross, who helped to develop the Firefox browser, has been making the rounds. In it, Ross, too, describes his inability to create visual images. And several thousand have filled out the VVIQ, thanks in part to its posting by the BBC. It and another questionnaire are also posted at the Eye’s Mind Web page. Based on the first 700 or so surveys, Zeman estimates that aphantasia affects about 2 percent of the population, in line with Faw’s 2009 conclusion.

Relief in Numbers

Many people with aphantasia realized only after Zeman’s studies were published that there was such a thing as seeing with the mind’s eye. Many also found it comforting that there was now a name for something that distinguished them from others. They had found it hard to describe in words their inability to visualize. When they tried to explain, they were often met with incomprehension. Zeman was astonished at how grateful these people often were.

One of those who approached Zeman—Jonas Schlatter of Berlin—describes his own moment of discovery. Schlatter scored very low on the vividness questionnaire, which is viewed as strongly diagnostic of aphantasia. Like some of Galton’s study participants in the 1800s, Schlatter always thought that such expressions as “fading memories” or “let me paint you a picture” were simply turns of phrase. But then one evening at a house party, he came to understand that he was wrong. In the kitchen, he got into a conversation about how it could be that a person can simultaneously see something and create a mental image of it. The question initially seemed nonsensical to him, but he realized that he might differ from others in not making mental images. The next morning he began questioning his friends about their experiences and doing some Internet research. To his great surprise, he found that the ability to visualize images is real—except not for him.

When Schlatter first began to discuss his discovery with friends, he also learned that “people’s ability to synthesize images differs.” Zeman concurs. His 2015 study included 121 control subjects. Most of them showed a moderately good ability to visualize. But there were outliers at both ends of the scale, with more subjects falling at the high end than the low end. Zeman calls the above-average ability to create vivid images hyperphantasia.

Under the Hood

The research has raised a number of questions. One is whether aphantasia exists at all. Could people who think they are not making mental images simply be describing their images differently from the way other people do? After all, surveys elicit subjective descriptions, not objective measures of what is going on in the brain. Zeman admits that answers on the questionnaire are prone to a certain amount of error, but he is convinced that aphantasia actually occurs. For one thing, neurological findings such as those in the case of MX support that claim; for another, people who report lacking a mind’s eye sometimes have other anomalies related to visualization.

For example, some individuals with aphantasia report weakness in autobiographical memory, remembrance of events in their lives. In addition, many with aphantasia also suffer from prosopagnosia, impaired face recognition. To Zeman, the links to other conditions indicate that there may be several subgroups of aphantasia.

Joel Pearson, professor of cognitive neuroscience at the University of New South Wales in Australia, also considers aphantasia to be real. As part of his work, he studies binocular rivalry, a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when people are shown different images simultaneously to their left and their right eye. Here subjects do not see a combination of both images but rather only one at a time. Pearson and his team have discovered that a simple trick can influence which image is given priority. Asking volunteers to visualize one of the images before the test increases the probability that that image will come to the fore during the test. Yet self-diagnosed aphantasics are unaffected, indicating that visualization is impaired.

Zeman and others are also exploring how brain functioning differs in those with aphantasia. He and his colleagues recently invited more than 100 people to undergo a brain scan at his laboratory. They found that when individuals who scored high on the VVIQ were asked to visualize something, only a few brain areas became activated. Researchers have found that these regions light up when processing complex images, such as faces, events and spatial relationships. In contrast, more and different brain regions lit up in people who reported that they lack the ability to visualize. Those individuals tended to use regions associated with the control of behavior and planning, as was seen in MX.

Zeman has not yet studied extensively the other extreme, hyperphantasia.  Many people with hyperphantasia have told him, however, that they easily lose themselves in daydreams about the past or the future. In contrast to aphantasia, hyperpahantasia has not yet been found to have links to face recognition or memory.

How Important Is The Ability To Visualize Imagery?

Zeman initially presumed that visualization was central to the creative process. Yet many of the people with aphantasia who contacted him work successfully in creative professions—as artists, architects and scientists. Jonas Schlatter, for example, creates Web sites for a start-up that he founded. His business partner thought it a bit odd that he used whiteboard, paper and a pencil in the design process. But Schlatter now understands that this approach is the only way that he can anticipate how the Web pages will eventually look.

How people deal with this condition differs from person to person. Some would like to learn to visualize. But no one has managed to do that yet, according to Zeman. Several test subjects have reported that they have been able to “see” with their eyes closed under the influence of hallucinogenic drugs. Schlatter, who does not feel especially disadvantaged by his aphantasia, has experimented with jumpstarting his mind’s eye in a less drastic way. “For two weeks I stared at the same pencil over and over again and tried to memorize it. But in the end I still couldn’t visualize it,” he says.

Fifteen years have passed since MX brought aphantasia to Adam Zeman’s attention. In contrast to Schlatter, who has been aphantasic for his entire life, MX did get back some of his ability to visualize. Presumably, his brain re-created connections that had been damaged by the stroke or built new connections. When MX dreams at night, he sees images. And occasionally, when someone mentions a place that he knows, an image pops up in his mind’s eye.

[stemrate7]

Divorce Arbitration Resolution.

Collective Separation Arbitration.

Content

Are Future Revenues Taken Into Account In A Divorce Settlement?

Kid Inclusive Mediation

Just How Is Mediation Different From Going To Court?

If Your Youngster Does Not Obtain A Requirements Assessment Or Ehc Strategy.

Mediation, Private Hearings and Very Early Neutral Assessments Family members conflicts are painful enough without having to conduct them in public. When arrangements have damaged down or reached an arrest, there are private options that you can consider as an alternative to court procedures. Each private mediation session often tends to take 1.5 to 2 hours, however we will be assisted by you. In general, much will certainly rely on the complexity of the problems involved and just how easily an agreement is reached. Some clients solve issues in a single session whereas the majority of can take a variety of sessions to take care of the matters at hand. Simply put, any type of concern can be moderated where there is a wish to get to arrangement and also stay clear of lawsuits. Mediation can relate to funds (e.g. on divorce or splitting up or following cohabitation) as well as can additionally be utilized for problems relating to plans for youngsters.

At the initial conference, a conciliator will talk to you regarding what happens in mediation so you can decide if it's for you. If you choose you do not wish to mediate, they'll inform your company mediation is not possible. This videoproduced by the University of Exeter assists describe more concerning the mediation process and also gives suggestions about what can assist the mediation procedure do well. family mediation services grange-over-sands will certainly help you discover a service which benefits you both and also describe exactly how you can make an agreement legally binding. If the value of your case is under ₤ 10,000, you will be able to access the private telephone mediation service used by the Court Service if you issue your case at court, and this is defended.

Are Future Profits Taken Into Consideration In A Divorce Negotiation?

Nonetheless, it is constantly open to the celebrations to increase any issues they want to re-address and to re-convene in plenary conference for that or any kind of other function. There are no hard and fast policies as to whether lawyers must go to or as to whether, if they do, both guidance and also solicitors should go to.

What is the success rate of mediation?

62.5% of those responding had used mediation as a means to resolve workplace disputes. This is consistent with national surveys, for example a recent CIPD survey indicated something in the region of 65%. Of those who had used mediation, 100% were successful.

The cancellation fee is established as a percent of the moderator's day-to-day fee, the percent boosting as the date techniques. It is important of Arbitration that it is a versatile and also versatile procedure. The events can design what they require in the particular circumstances of their disagreement. As with the settlements it provides, the LCIA intends to make its arbitrations affordable. To this end, mediation prices are additionally based upon the per hour rates of the moderators and also of the LCIA's administrative staff, without reference to the sums in concern. Emphasis Mediation pushing priests to enact laws to compel litigants right into mediation as soon as lawful charges get to 20 per cent of the value of a conflict. Expert arbitration services for divorcing pairs and also firms wishing to avoid hold-up as well as costly legal bills.

Child Comprehensive Arbitration

As an example, if you're mediating in between divorcing moms and dads, sessions are a crucial duty in the legal process to agree kid safekeeping arrangements and also will be considered by a court. Some circumstances need a neutral viewpoint, to pay attention as well as understand all sides of an argument. As a moderator you'll be he or she, supplying level playing field for individuals involved in a conflict to speak without being evaluated or disrupted.

MV Mediation program takes on evictions - Martha's Vineyard Times

MV Mediation program takes on evictions.

Posted: Wed, 30 Dec 2020 08:00:00 GMT [source]

CEDR concentrates on the resolution of business disagreements and deadlocked arrangements. We have experience throughout all markets and also with all types of conflicts, from small insurance claims to disagreements valued in the billions of extra pounds. The Centre for Effective Conflict Resolution specialises in arbitration and different dispute resolution. We are an independent non-profit organisation as well as a registered charity. You'll require to maintain your abilities as well as practice up to day throughout your job. Recognized mediation training carriers normally supply a series of continuing expert development possibilities, including professional training programs, occasions, workshops, meetings, participant resources and online news.

Just How Is Arbitration Different From Litigating?

Expert areas, for which you need additional training, include special academic demands and impairment. The majority of accredited arbitration training suppliers hold an expert directory of mediators where you can find overcome advertising your abilities, experience and track record. In lawful functions, for example, you'll get useful experience in working to accomplish acceptable outcomes and resolution for clients, which will assist when you go on to do arbitration training.

The lawful representation needs to be proportionate to the scale and also intricacy of the case, remembering constantly that the objective of the arbitration day is to resolve the case not to attempt it. Most importantly, the client requires to feel great in the team's ability to respond to any new disagreements that are elevated and to advise him or her on any type of propositions for negotiation that might be made. These placement documents need to be exchanged in between the celebrations as well as duplicated to the Arbitrator ideally around seven days before the mediation - longer in really intricate issues. The papers might be accompanied by different private submissions that an event wants the mediator alone to see. The Parties must prepare short mediation position papers or summaries. These should remain in skeletal system form as well as laid out what each celebration considers as the essential issues of truth and regulation. One essential effect of dealing with a mediation day is that the events will thereafter be responsible for a cancellation fee if the day is not used.

If Your Youngster Does Not Obtain A Needs Evaluation Or Ehc Strategy.

Things is that we have a hard time to negotiate our way via dispute since we're so angry, worried, or harm that we find it difficult not to let feeling get in the way of factor. Communication breaks down, as well as we get so completed that we can scarcely bear in mind exactly how the debate also started. By understanding these dispute processes far much better, we can start to fix all sorts of conflicts a lot more successfully. Dr. Mike Talbot, is a renowned mediator, fitness instructor, as well as therapist.

The Case for Pre-Suit and Early Mediation - JD Supra

The Case for Pre-Suit and Early Mediation.

Posted: Fri, 11 Dec 2020 08:00:00 GMT [source]

You can also pick where the hearing occurs and which issues you focus on. When you reach an arrangement with joint law, your solicitors will typically prepare a 'permission order' - this is a legally binding arrangement concerning your financial resources. In the introductory meeting, you and also your ex-partner will generally meet separately with a qualified conciliator. Hereafter, you'll have arbitration sessions where you, your ex-partner as well as the mediator will rest with each other to review your differences. It's much better to try as well as get to a contract via arbitration if you can. You might save cash in legal costs and it can be simpler to solve any differences. You do not have to go to mediation, but if you wind up needing to go to court to iron out your distinctions, you normally require to verify you have actually been to an arbitration information and also assessment conference.

In addition to an excellent team at UK Arbitration, Mike has actually developed a market-leading series of training programs as well as conflict resolution solutions. Ian Lovatt PPC, FMCA, CIM Ian is a Pay Per Click, a certified family members conciliator and also is qualified in the direct consultation of kids. We know family members mediation operates in many situations since we have efficiently aided over 3000 clients to day. Separation or separation is hard, but reaching an agreement shouldn't be. We work right across England and Wales and also our family arbitration service has more than three decades' experience supplying expert, expert family members mediation solutions. Mediation can continue while it satisfies the needs of the individual celebrations included.

a pair to solve a financial settlement and plans for the children. She functioned carefully with the pair as well as at the moderator's tip, likewise with their solicitors, that participated in the final mediation sessions. In this area, you'll discover Resolution's suite of resources for moderators. This consists of information on the extent of arbitration, just how you end up being an arbitrator, courses for expert advancement and far more. Mark recommends on the resolution of intricate building as well as engineering disagreements throughout the contractual supply chain. Peter McHugh is a building regulation specialist, acting upon behalf of service providers, below service providers and also companies in conflicts of all sizes and types.

a company that helps will typically last between 1 to 2 hours, depending upon the intricacy of the situation. If you're not comfy with remaining in the very same room as your ex-partner, the moderator can prepare 'shuttle' mediation. This is where the conciliator talks to you alone and after that speaks to your ex-partner with your propositions individually. An Arbitration Details Evaluation Fulfilling is the very first meeting which will aid develop whether arbitration will certainly be suitable in your conditions, and whether it will aid you to reach a contract. Arbitration is utilized to settle disagreements regarding work environment relationships instead of various other conflicts, such as pay or problems associated with dismissal or conduct. The arbitrator will certainly concur with both sides which details can be shared outside the mediation and also exactly how. If you do not get to an agreement, anything that's been said throughout the arbitration should be kept private and can not be made use of in future procedures.

[Podcast] Trouble in paradise: Protecting privilege after Glencore - Litigation, Mediation & Arbitration - Australia - Mondaq News Alerts

[Podcast] Trouble in paradise: Protecting privilege after Glencore - Litigation, Mediation & Arbitration - Australia.

Posted: Sun, 10 Jan 2021 00:04:34 GMT [source]

Although there is no legal regulation of moderators, you must take a training programme certified by a relevant professional body or council. Training demands will certainly rely on the sort of mediation you want to go into. You'll generally be office-based, for instance at a family arbitration service place.

The arbitrator can choose mediation is wrong for you (for instance, if there's been residential abuse and also you need to visit court rather). Adjudication can be less costly than going to court, yet it can still be expensive. The specific quantity you'll pay depends on where you live as well as for how long it takes you and your ex-partner to get to a contract. It's a bit like litigating, but in family members mediation a mediator makes a decision based upon your circumstances - not a judge.

Yard Court Arbitration remains to provide a fixed fee scheme for mediations listed below ₤ 50,000. This applies similarly to remote or online arbitration through Zoom or Skype. Sport Resolutions provides a shortlist of experienced sport professional arbitrators for the celebrations to pick from. If the events can not concur or would certainly like Sport Resolutions to appoint the mediator, after that we have the ability to do so. The following phase is generally separate private conferences with each of the events or groups of events. This can as well as usually does lead to the Moderator shuttling between the parties for a long time prior to there is any further plenary conference.

A court charge is billed when you release any kind of case, but no different fee is created the mediation. Although there is no legal policy of conciliators, the CMC runs a system of voluntary policy for civil/commercial as well as workplace conciliators and providers. If agreement is reached in arbitration, placed in writing and authorized, it is binding like any type of other agreement. If court procedures have already started, an order of the court which shows what was agreed in mediation can be made by contract of those included (called a 'permission order' or a 'Tomlin order').

Peter concentrates on obtaining the most effective outcome for his clients by taking a business technique to the resolution of their disagreements. Rewarding-- A mediator's function is to aid communication in between the events, not to make or enforce any kind of decisions; The entailed events control the result and collaborate ahead to a win/win contract. Less formal than litigating-- Less people are involved in arbitration than when you litigate. Budget-friendly-- Managing a disagreement through arbitration is a lot less expensive than going to court. The CEDR Structure supports projects allowing the next generation of specialist moderators and those with arbitration skills.

[sciencenewsforstudents]

The idea seemed so catchy, simple and can-do. There’s room to plant enough trees, albeit many, many, many trees, to counter a big chunk of the planet-warming carbon spewed by human activities.

A more realistic look at that feel-good estimate, however, might shrink it down to a useful idea, but no panacea. The proposed fabulous benefits of planting trees triggered a skeptical backlash within the climate science community.

“Dangerously misleading,” warned a critique from Pierre Friedlingstein, a mathematical modeler at the University of Exeter in England and four colleagues. They’re not the only ones to protest that the original estimate — that massive global tree-planting right now might eventually trap a total of some 205 metric gigatons of carbon — overestimates what’s really possible.

The debate started with a study in the July 5 Science. In it, Jean-François Bastin and Tom Crowther of ETH Zurich and their colleagues estimated that Earth has as much as 0.9 billion hectares of land suitable for planting new trees to soak up some of humankind’s excess carbon dioxide and thus slow climate change (SN: 7/17/19). That area is about the size of the United States.

Once mature, those trees could capture about one-third of the carbon released by human activities since the start of the Industrial Revolution, the team calculated. Extreme global tree planting could thus become a huge single stopgap for storing carbon, the researchers proposed.

That scenario caught the attention of a world starved for hopeful news about climate.

Among other scientists, however, concern erupted. These “overly hopeful figures” might “misguide the development of climate policy,” said one of a flurry of critiques from more than 80 scientists not involved in the original research. Their criticisms were published in the Oct. 18 Science (along with a response from Crowther’s team).

Here are five takeaways from the debate, and where that leaves us when it comes to tree planting.

1. Tree planting is not the one big solution for the climate crisis.

Both the critics and authors of the original paper agree on this point. The main solution to the climate crisis is to stop releasing greenhouse gases as much and as soon as possible. “Keeping fossil carbon in its original geological storage is self-evidently a more effective solution to climate change than releasing it and capturing it later in trees,” writes forest ecologist Simon Lewis of University College London and colleagues.

Crowther, Bastin and colleagues say they agree, and they acknowledge the paper’s “lack of clarity” on this point.

Some of the confusion comes from the paper’s enthusiasm in comparing theoretical big benefits of tree-planting, a way of storing carbon already emitted by any source, with smaller benefits of preventing specific kinds of emissions in the first place. Extreme tree planting might suck an estimated 205 metric gigatons of emissions out of the atmosphere, the original paper proposed. Replacing and better managing refrigeration compounds could reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases by 22 metric gigatons. That doesn’t sound big in comparison, but it’s ranked first in volume for carbon reduction projects listed by Project Drawdown, a nonprofit focused on finding solutions to global warming. Reducing emissions has the benefit of tackling the source of the menace and in perpetuity. Trees do the clean-up work, but only while they’re standing; they’re a bank account that needs steady deposits.

In their new response, Crowther and colleagues say that their tree-planting scheme “does not preclude the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”

2. Estimates of how much carbon trees can trap might be five times too high.

Capturing the estimated sum, 205 metric gigatons, “if accurate and achievable,” would be “an astounding accomplishment,” wrote Joseph Veldman, a plant ecologist at Texas A&M University in College Station and 45 other doubting coauthors. A more realistic look would shrink the 205 metric gigatons of carbon down to about a fifth of that amount, they argue. (More on why later.)

In a separate analysis, Lewis and colleagues explain some reasons why the estimate should be at least cut in half. Three other responses to the paper fretted that the 205 metric gigatons estimate was too big, but didn’t quantify a correction.

3. People will probably never choose to plant trees on all bits of “available” land.

Here’s one reason the estimate is too high: More trees might in theory grow in barely treed places, such as tundra or tropical grasslands. But in some places, planting trees could be a hard sell, or even counterproductive.  

Trees don’t reflect as much solar energy as do snow, grasses or even bare ground. Trees thus absorb more energy, potentially contributing to warming. In the Far North, extending stretches of dark evergreen trees could undercut any carbon-storage benefits or even overwhelm them. The Veldman critique explicitly pruned 10.2 metric gigatons of estimated carbon storage from the original estimate to eliminate hypothetical trees from snowy high latitudes. Likewise, trees tweak landscapes in other ways, for instance affecting where and how often precipitation falls.

Attempting to plant trees in other “available” spots — such as Yellowstone National Park in the United States — could run into fierce opposition from those who see ecological and cultural value in keeping those areas as they are today. Veldman’s group, for instance, sliced the total by 53.5 metric gigatons of estimated carbon storage to leave tropical grasslands as they are. The iconic species in those ecosystems are “already gravely threatened,” the researchers say. Plus, changing these ancient ecosystems could disrupt the lives of people whose traditional livestock forage, game habitats and water sources are dwindling.

Maybe in theory more trees could grow in far northern landscapes. Here, musk oxen roam a wide-open region near the Igichuk Hills in Alaska.

CREDIT: WESTERN ARCTIC NATIONAL PARKLANDS/FLICKR (CC BY 2.0)

Details of tree physiology or societal choices about what to conserve were “beyond the scope” of the original survey, the Crowther group replies. The project focused on developing a computer-based way to take data on healthy forests and figure out where more trees could grow, not where they should grow.

4. Soil carbon and some other details of the comparisons could matter.

Critics also objected to specific parts of the assumptions and methods of the original analysis.

Trees trap carbon by using it to build their trunks, branches, leaves and other body parts. As long as the trees stand, its structural carbon stays out of the atmosphere. Other plants and living things store carbon at least for a while in the same way, and some geological processes can likewise trap excesses.

Crowther’s analysis did not account properly for carbon stored already in treeless soil, three critiques point out. That made adding trees seem as if it were making a bigger change than it really would. Just adjusting for carbon already in the soil would cut the estimated benefit to around 96 metric gigatons, less than half the original, cautions the Lewis critique. Commenters added that not accounting for carbon stored in the leaves and stems of nonwoody plants, such as grasses already growing on land to be reforested, had likewise inflated the Crowther estimate.

5. Planting trees could still be a good thing as long as it’s done thoughtfully.

Tree planting has long been recognized as valuable, say global change geographer Alan Grainger at the University of Leeds in England, and three coauthors. Now, at least, the furor over the Crowther paper is calling fresh attention to the idea, they write.

Perhaps epic tree planting won’t have impacts as big as hoped for. But even if that estimate is 90 percent too high, the result still compares well with the top choices in the Project Drawdown list.

A downsizing in expectations is appropriate, says Chris Field, a climate scientist at Stanford University who wasn’t involved in the estimate’s creation or critiques. There are other things missing from the discussions though, he says. Human motivations and interests get overlooked. What will make people more or less willing to plant trees or take other actions? In the puzzle of fighting climate change, the human heart is a big source of uncertainty.

[stevesaunders-blog1]

The journey towards net zero carbon infrastructure

With poverty and disadvantage expected to grow as global temperatures continue to rise, limiting global warming to 1.5°C, compared with 2°C, could reduce the number of people both exposed to climate-related risks and susceptible to poverty by up to several hundred million by 2050 (IPPC, 2018). This demonstrates the impact of UN Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action has on other SDG’s, such as No Poverty, Zero Hunger, Affordable Clean Energy, Life Below Water and Life on Land.  

In May 2019, in response to the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) warning that we have just twelve years to limit climate change catastrophe, UK Parliament declared a national climate emergency. By the end of 2019, 245 local authorities across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have followed suit (Climate Emergency Declaration, 2019).  

As one of the 245 local authorities to declare a climate emergency, Devon County Council have formed the Devon Climate Emergency Response Group with responsibility for developing a Carbon Plan and guiding the county to net zero carbon by 2030. In January 2020, Griffiths, the company I work for, became the first private sector company to sign up to the Devon Climate Declaration (T Dixon, 2020).

However, to achieve net zero by 2030, decarbonisation of the South West’s infrastructure must be a priority. The way we heat our houses, feed our families, travel, access healthcare and education will all need to be decarbonised – no easy task as a study by Exeter University shows 83% of all emissions in Devon, Plymouth and Torbay is a result of homes and buildings, road transport, and farming (Exeter Daily, 2019). Numerous sectors within the construction industry will need to come together and take a systems approach to solving problems on a scale never seen before.

Having achieved a 20% carbon intensity reduction on 2010 levels by 2019 – one year ahead of schedule, Griffiths now need to accelerate efforts to support Devon achieve their 2030 targets. Reducing operational carbon, such as emissions from plant and machinery, will help but we must look at the bigger picture. New infrastructure must encourage Devon residents to choose walking, cycling and public transport as the preferred mode of transport. Dedicated, safer cycle paths linked to bus stations and electrified rail networks. In the 1900’s towns and cities across the UK operated their own electrified tram systems, yet today just eight networks are in operation.Griffiths played a major role in building the infrastructure for Bristol MetroBus. Despite initial criticism, operators now report over 2.8 million passengers travelled on the network in its first year. A recent survey by one of the operators, found 80% of customers would recommend the service to a relative or friend and 19% of respondents now choosing to leave their cars at home and making the switch to public transport (K Wilson, 2019)

To discuss the decarbonisation of the south west’s infrastructure and the route to net zero carbon, for Devon County Council and other local authorities, I met with Peter Kydd, Member of the South West Infrastructure Partnership. We discussed roles and responsibility, funding and what the future infrastructure across the region might look like.

 Podcast:  

https://youtu.be/v_SAyUk1eJY

References

Climate Emergency Declaration, 2019 https://climateemergencydeclaration.org/united-kingdom-60-per-cent-of-councils-have-declared-a-climate-emergency/

IPCC, 2018 https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf

T Dixon, 2020 https://www.devonclimateemergency.org.uk/griffiths-becomes-the-first-private-sector-company-to-sign-up-to-the-devon-climate-declaration/

Exeter Daily, 2019 https://www.theexeterdaily.co.uk/news/business-daily-local-news/devon-carbon-plan-process-launches

[lanticbuildingsurveyors1]

Building Surveyor Exeter – Expert Assistance for Resident Management Companies

When it comes to property management and maintenance, having a professional Building surveyor Exeter is essential for ensuring the longevity and structural integrity of buildings. Building surveyor Exeter, we specialize in providing expert assistance to Resident Management Companies , ensuring that buildings are well-maintained and compliant with regulations.

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A professional building surveyor plays a crucial role in managing residential buildings. Whether you are dealing with planned maintenance, defect analysis, or major refurbishment projects, our experienced surveyors at Lantic Building Surveyors offer comprehensive services tailored to the specific needs of RMCs.

Our Services for Resident Management Companies

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Why Resident Management Companies Trust Us

Managing a residential building requires expert knowledge and proactive maintenance strategies. Building surveyor Exeter provides clear guidance and tailored solutions to help manage their properties effectively. With extensive experience in the Exeter area, we understand local building challenges and provide trusted, professional advice to property managers.

Contact Us Today

If you are looking for a reliable Building surveyor Exeter, Lantic Building Surveyors is here to help. Visit our website to learn more about our services and how we can assist your Resident Management Company in maintaining and improving your property.

[paul-s-walks-uk-blog]

Walk 8 :  Dartmouth to Totnes

 ‘A good local pub has much in common with a church, except that a pub is warmer, and there's more conversation.’

William Blake

One of the area's truly great walks, this daylong ramble follows the wooded banks of the broad and beautiful river Dart, on a route crammed with gems and jewels of human and natural history.

The South Devon AONB website synopsis of the walk

View over Dartmouth

Walk data

Distance: 12 Miles, 19.3 km

Grade: Moderate. Easy walking, but on average uphill 

Start Point : Bus stop at North Embankment, Dartmouth (sx878512)

End Point : Steam Packet Inn, Totnes (sx805600)

Facilities: Full range of facilities at Dartmouth: Shops, supermarkets, pubs, toilets, banks. Also at Totnes. On route the are several pubs, all of which serve food. There is a village shop and cafe in Dittisham.

Transport: There are buses between Dartmouth and Totnes, regular on weekdays, but only twice on Sundays. There is also a river ferry between them, it is a beautiful trip, but but it’s timing is dependant on tides, so the timetable  must be checked before hand ( It is operated by the Dartmouth Steam Railway and Riverboat Company-check here for times). Totnes is easily accessible by bus or train from either Plymouth or Exeter. Dartmouth is directly accessible by bus from Exeter and Plymouth, but the busses also service the local villages on the way, so the journey time is in either case in excess of two hours (but you do get to see lots of scenery). Bus and train journeys can be planned here.

Maps  : Ordnance Survey Explorer OL20. Coordinates are from this map. A compass is not needed, but the map is strongly advised, even though the trail is well signed.

An album of Photos from this walk can be found on my Facebook Page

Walk overview

This is a fairly long but straightforward walk following a recognized and clearly signposted trail (The Dart Valley Trail) between two of Devon’s most historic and lively towns. It starts in Dartmouth, near where the river flows into the sea, and ends in Totnes which is the farthest point navigable by large boats.It consists mostly roads and country footpaths.  It is not a challenging walk, although a couple of small stretches are perennially muddy, so you will need good waterproof boots or shoes. There are a few long, steepish parts, and since the trail is following a river inland, the path is generally uphill. 

This is a great walk if you want to experience some good Devon pubs. Don’t try too many, or you may never get to the end!

Route Maps and elevation

Stage 1 : Route map and elevation

Stage 2: Route map and elevation

Stage 3 : Route map and elevation

Dartmouth

Dartmouth is on the western bank of the mouth of the Dart. It is a busy place, with seagulls crying and flapping around all day, and many boats bobbing up and down on the water.

Although Dartmouth has a natural deep-water harbour it was only an agricultural settlement at the time of the Norman Conquest (1066), but it soon began to grow and by the fourteenth Century it was well known enough for Chaucer to include one of its inhabitants among his pilgrims ‘A schipman was ther, wonyng fer by weste;For ought I wost, he was of Dertemouthe.’, who tells a somewhat morally dubious story about money lending.

By the Elizabethan times it was a thriving port. Castles were built on either side of the estuary with a chain between then, that could be pulled up to prevent  invasion from the Spanish fleets. The castle on the Dartmouth side is worth a visit. The Pilgrim fathers stopped at Dartmouth on the way to America (they hadn’t got very far at that stage).

The Navy has since had a keen interest in Dartmouth and the naval officer academy still sits in in an imposing Victorian building that dominates the a large hill on the edge of the town

The first bridge across the Dart is at Totnes, over 10 miles upstream. but in Dartmouth there are two vehicle ferries and one foot passenger ferry across to Kingswear on the eastern side.

There is plenty to explore. To find out what to see and do, and for any events happening, click here.  

 Dartmouth is one of those English towns which has grown up in a sort of hotchpotch fashion, so that it has many house from different periods. On the steep hills such as this the house frequently have a front door on the street, once inside you go down to the rest of the house instead of up. Some have little bridge connecting the front-door to the street. It is common in Devon towns for house to be painted in different colour. Dartmouth is no exception: There are blue houses, pink house, yellow house. Some have slate fronts, some wooden, some granite or limestone.

If you want to sample a traditional devon pub, there are too many to lst here, but check out this page. Almost all will serve good food (frequently fish and seafood, freshly caught) as well as a range of local ales.

On the subject of pubs-Devon has a host of local breweries, some large, some tiny. Apart from making very good beer, they also seem to be in competition to come up with weird names for their beverages. Here is a list of some them along with the breweries that make them. They are not all available everywhere, although Jail (personal favourite) and Otter are most common

Jail Ale (Dartmoor brewery, Princetown)

Pandit (New Lion Brewery, Totnes)

Cor bugga! ( Teignworthy Brewery, Newton Abbot)

Devon Dumpling (Bays Brewery, Paignton)

Otter Ale (Otter Brewery, near Honiton)

Pheasant Plucker (Hunters Brewery, Ipplepen)

Black Ops (Taw Valley Brewery,  North Tawton)

Pandemonium (South Hams Brewery, Kingsbridge)

Repeat Offender (Stannary Brewery, Tavistock)

Tuckermarsh Pale (Bere Brewery, Bere Alston)

If you are from outside the UK you can relax and  forget the myth of warm beer.The British have not drunk warm beer since the 1970's (except of course  when they do... at  beer festivals, where it is more or less compulsory)

Stage 1 : Dartmouth to Dittisham (4.5 Miles, 7.2 km)

The walk starts at the south west corner of the little square harbour near the waterfront. You will see a kiosk that sells boat-trip tickets, and on the lampost next to it a blue sign, which shows in white two castles with some wavy lines below. This is the first sign for the trail. You will see it frequently. Often it will be accompanied by a white arrow on a blue background showing the direction to walk. The trail is part of a much longer trail The John Musgrave Heritage Trail (this is 32 miles long) so the signs for this can also be followed (yellow and brown circles, with an image of aboot print inside).

Follow the road past the little harbour and past the white and blue painted Royal Castle Hotel until you come to a car park on you right. At one corner you will see a small street called Zion Place walk along this to the end, turn right and almost immediately there is a long flight of stone steps called Coxs Steps. Climb these til you come to a narrow road called Clarence Hill.

Cox’s Steps

Turn left onto Clarence Hill and follow it along. It eventually becomes Townstal Hill and the Church Hill. Towards the end in bears right and comes to the main road out of Dartmouth (The A379, College way at sx870515)

The trail goes the the end of Old Mill Lane, Down a flight of steps and into Old Mill Lane This is a pleasant walk on a country road that descend gradually to Old Mill Bridge (sx861519), situated, unsurprisingly on Old Mill Creek. Old Mill Creek always seems to be at low tide. It is pleasant to sit on the wall at the end of the bridge across it and watch the water fowl hopping around in the mud. The Old Mill  sir on one side of the bridge. One can only imagine that the stream to the bridge was once more lively, as it’s current sedately flow would not be enough to drive a mill wheel.

‘Old Mill’ is a self-explanatory place name. But not all the names on the map are. Here is a list of some names that are not. They are all on or close by this trail. I can guess at the origins of some of them, about others I can only wonder.. 

Tippity Van

Dinah’s Side

Blackness Point

Bozomzeal

Sprat Lane End

Poor Bridge

Corkscrew Hill

Higher (and Lower) Yetson

Hothole ( I kid you not)

Lower (and Higher) Gribble Plantation

From Old Mill Bridge turn right and follow the road. It soon becomes a country footpath, called Lapthorne Lane, which quickly brings you to the edge of Hole Copse. Here you have two choices. Both are signed to dittisham. You can either follow straight ahead along the lane or right into the woods. The fist is 2 miles to Dittisham, the second is 2 3/4. The longer way is more pleasant and takes you through Hole Copse and Great Copse. It will also give you some nice views of the Dart, where you can see to the edge of Dartmouth, with the Higher Ferry, laden with cars going back and forth.

Either way will bring you to the road just past Bozomzeal (sx861539). This is Fire Beacon Hill. This is so named as it is the site of one of the beacons that were lit to warn of the SPanish Armada. You can see the beacon across the fields, a tall pole with an iron basket on top. It has a grim look, like a gibbet. The fire beacons were lined along the whole South West. More information on these can be found here.

Dartmoor in the distance, from Fire Beacon Hill

Take the footpath that appears on the right, down through fields of grass and sheep. This eventually joins a farmers road. Here you will be glad if you have good waterproof boots. The farmer here must use a lot of heavy machinery, since the road is always deep in mud and churned up by giant tyres. You can walk on the banks of the road with some care. It is not a long stretch, and after a couple of turns you find yourself in Dittisham (sx861550)

Dittisham

Thatched cottage in Dittisham

If you talk to any of the residents and don’t want to look like a Grockle,  Dittisham should be pronounced Ditsum, or even better Dits’m. (This is a mild reduction of a place name for Devon- There is a village named ‘Woolfhardisworthy’ on maps, but which the locals pronounce ‘Woolsery’)

The trail only skirts the top of the village, which is a shame, as this is one of the best places to visit on the river. It is quite ancient, having been founded in about 660 ad by Saxons, who had found the Dart to be a good trading route inland.So take a detour into town if you have time.It has steep lanes to the water, clustered with old cottages. There are two good pubs, a shop and a good coffee house. A guide to the village can be found here.

stage 2 : dittisham to asphsprington (4.6 Miles, 7.4 km)

The trail passes along the top of Dittisham, following the road until it passes the hamlet of East Cornworthy, after which is cuts through a wooded area on a track to the right. This little country path must once have been a more important way, as there is a small but substantial bridge over the ltlle river. It is odd to find it in this quiet lane, on a dirt track. It has the curious name of ‘Poor Bridge’

Cottage near East Cornworthy

Woods and small river near Poor Bridge

The track becomea a road and leads through the  village of Cornworthy, another small ancient setlement. Agin it has a nice pub, the Hunter’s Lodge. At the far side of the village standing in a field is the remains of a priory, where Nuns lived from about 1200 to the mid 1550′s. It is marked Gatehouse on the map. (sx821555)

From cornworthy the trail turns right off the road and paases downhil towars Bow Creek, another tribuatry of the Dart. It passes through the small Charleycombe Woods, which are full of oak and ash trees.The path turns left. On the right is bow creek, where if you are lucky you can see herons flying low o ver the mud-flats. To your left is Corkscrew Hill. A lot of water flows off the hill after rains and the trail here is often VERY muddy. But there has been a lot of tree planting done recently, so as sapling grow into a new wood, it should they should contain the wet: At the monent though, take care not to get wet feet.

The trail rejoinns the road from Tuckenhay to Bow Bridge. Ther is a good pub in each of these places, The Maltsters and the Watermans Arms. Both have seating with river views.: In summer both are likely to be busy.

Cross Bow Bridge and head up hill to Ashprington.

The Waterman’s Arms, Bow

Ashprington

Ashprington has been in existence since at least the time of the Norman conquest, and is mentioned in the Domesday Book, in 1086, (where it is called Aisbertone). It had about 22 people living there. It has a church which dates back to this time, although the only remaining Norman part is the font. The current church dates from the fifteenth century. There isn’t much happening in Ashprington. It is a quiet, peaceful and secluded place. It has a pub, though, the Durant Arms. There is a bench by the churchyard, so if you need a nice long sit down, having walked just over 9 miles, with still another 3 to go, this is a good place to watch the world slowly moving by.

Stage 3 : Ashprington to Totnes (2.9 Miles, 4.7 km)

Asphrington Church Graveyard at sundown

This is the easiest part of the route as it is almost entirely in the Sharpham Estate until it reaches Totnes. The estate keeps the path well signed, neatly gravelled and clear. 

From the bench by the church head towards Sharpham (i.e. uphill) following the road until you get to the estate gate. Here you leave the road and take the footpath to the left.

Sharpham Estate

Sharpham Estate dates from around 1260, but it’s current form dates from the 18th century, when Captain Philemon Pownoll, who was something of an adventurer, made his fortune capturing a Spanish treasure galleon. (He had an adventurers death, too. He was hit by a cannonball in a fight with the French in the North Sea.) If  Philemon Pownoll seems a crazy name, consider that his grandson was named John Bastard.

Today the estate is managed by the Sharpham Trust. The mansion house is now a center for events and courses. Being close to Totnes ( see below) these are often New Age type events. The Trust supports many conservation schemes. It also has a vineyard, producing a range of wines, and makes it’s own cheeses. If you have time it is worth diverging from the trail and visiting the restaurant/cafe by the river front, and trying the wine and cheese. If it is summer, you may even have time for a guided tour of the vineyard.

Evening in a mirror in a hedge

On arriving it rhe end of the Sharpham footpath, turn right on the road and at the bottom of the little hill you will find the Steam Packet Inn, by the river. Reward  yourself with a nice pint and rest your feet, before going into town.

Totnes

Totnes is chefly famous as being a center for alternative lifestyles. It calls itself a transistion town, and ven has it’s own (not freuently used) currency. There are crystal shops, and mindfulness courses, and always buskers. But there is more to the town. It has a Norman Castlt, a museum, a medieval guildhall and the narrow streets at the tiop of town, still on the medieval layout. (With good Devon Common-snse, these are called ‘The Narrows’). There are lots of coffee shops, cafes and resturants: To many to list, but see here

Totnes High Street

https://www.pubsgalore.co.uk/areas/totnes-town/devon/

[newrainy]

Week 8 Crowdsourcing/ Crowdfunding

Before writing this post, I learned a lot about crowdsourcing and Crowdfunding, but here I am. Hargrave (2022) states that Crowdsourcing means gathering information, knowledge, goods, or services from a larger demographic. This function works through surveys and reviews to collect responses from social media platforms, mobile phone apps, and crowdsourcing websites. These come in both paid and voluntary services. The people working with crowdsourcing usually work as paid freelancers.

An example of when crowdsourcing works efficiently is the Waze traffic app because it functions as finding drivers an option to report accidents and provide real-time information about the roadways. That means a collection of interactive data trafficking from the population itself, which is very needy for the ones on the roads.

We also have the term Crowdfunding, which has a slightly different approach by promoting resources or money/funds to support individuals, charities, and start-up businesses. It is an open wage to supply for crowdfunding requests without any payback. Companies can also provide shares to their contributors.

I was interested in Crowdfunding. Then the question of Crowdfunding for a creative community, is that a thing?

Can Crowdfunding build a community for creatives?

Yes, Artists and creatives have the opportunities at this time of the year to open campaigns to support their work and build a sustainable community based on everyone’s opinions. Exeter City Futures (2018) The idea of proposing new concepts and providing a change in a community. This makes it an attractive way to engage and build a genuine community with much participation to spread awareness and engage in different projects. 

Crowdfunding opens a little dopamine boost for the participator to be able to dictate and further their wishes by doing micro-funding to their specific crowd-community. It’s a form of a democratic system led by the citizens for change. So, if a creative puts out its fundraising page, it indicates the creative is willing to support and spread their knowledge and art to the world. What also benefits are that Crowdfunding can also create outreaches to local businesses and more prominent companies for support, which results in sponsors, and partnerships, which starts this collaborative environment. 

(I’m not mocking fundraising just to be frank, but it is indeed a free way to gain money through your supporters and fanbase.)

Some examples of Crowdfunding organizations for creators are Crowdfunder, an individual platform, community, business, and commercial based. It is catered toward creative cultures and innovation. Based on the all-or-nothing model or keep what you have saved up.

Kickstarter, this is more niched to crowd raising for creatives such as film production, designing, and so forth. It works as a reward or follows the all-or-nothing model.

Indiegogo, focuses on the entrepreneur side of the spectrum and displays the development of designing technology from start to finish. They have a so-called marketplace where your products can be up for sale, which is their form of Crowdfunding.

Reference

Hargrave, M 2022, ‘Crowdsourcing: Definition, How it Works, Types, and Examples’, Investopedia, viewed 5 December 2022, <https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/crowdsourcing.asp>

Exeter City Futures 2018, ‘Power of Crowdfunding for community-based projects’, Exeter City Futures, viewed 5 December 2022, <https://www.exetercityfutures.com/power-of-crowdfunding-for-community-based-projects/>

[countrysurveys]

What is the importance of wall survey in Exeter

Walls are immunity booster of our homes. People buy or build luxury houses, but we all agree that a wall can make a magic on the overall house. And keeping the walls safe is our duty. There are so many equipments which helps you in keeping your house walls safe, shiny and healthy. But before going with any product or service, wall survey is very necessary. Wall survey is an important practice for many reasons.

 Why It is Important to Have Wall Survey

·        It helps us understand the real landscape of ideas, and it helps us understand how people think

·        It is important for us to get the best services from the professionals so that we can ensure maximum safety of our house walls.

·        It helps us know about the condition and history of our house walls and advises on possible dangers and damages that we need to take care of.

·        This survey also helps to plan further repairs and renovations that we may want to do with our building.

 The process of wall inspection includes examination of all external walls. The inspector will examine the structure, drainage system, water proofing, flashing, venting and other elements in order to give a complete report about the wall's proper functioning. If it is not done on regular interval, the walls of the house might develop some cracks and other damages and may even collapse in future.

There are many different types of wall surveys in Exeter available, but it is always better to hire a professional team for this task. These professionals have been doing this work from a long time and they know all about the structure and infrastructure of the house walls which means they can tell you about all possible problems with ease. Usually, this wall survey is performed once in every five years or after every major repair is done. It helps us to know the weak points of the house, where cracks are developing or there are any other damages that may affect the safety of our building.

[ukimmigrationmatters]

Which is the least affordable city to buy a home in the UK?

According to Britain’s biggest lender, the Halifax Bank, Winchester is the least affordable city to buy a home in the country.

Its figures suggest buying a home in the Hampshire commuter city will cost 14 times average earnings, higher than Greater London at 11 times. Central London would be much higher.

Typically, buying a property in a UK city will now set buyers back 8.1 times their average earnings, up from 5.6 times a decade ago.

House prices have "generally continued to outstrip wage growth", said Halifax managing director Russell Galley.

Winchester has leapfrogged Oxford as the least affordable city in the annual survey, while Londonderry is the most affordable for the third year in a row.

In the Northern Ireland city, a home will cost 4.7 times average earnings.

Over the past year, the Halifax reckons the average house price in UK cities has grown by 10.3%.

Its analysis of figures from the Office for National Statistics suggests average earnings for people living and working in cities climbed just 2.1% over the same time period.

Average city house prices increased to £287,440, while comparable average earnings rose to £35,677.

Surprisingly, cities are slightly more affordable than the average for the UK as a whole, according to the figures.

But that may partly reflect more people moving out of cities in search of more space during the pandemic.

A home in Winchester will now set buyers back an average £630,432, up 8% in the last year.

That leaves it with the highest average house prices of any UK city, ahead of St Albans at £604,423 and London at £564,695.

The least expensive average house prices among cities are in Londonderry at £155,917 and Hull £156,924.

Average earnings in Winchester are £45,059, higher than for the UK as a whole and only beaten by St Albans at £59,391 and Greater London at £51,257.

Where can you find more affordable places to buy a property?

There is some good news: in one in nine UK cities, property has become more affordable in the last 12 months.

Housing affordability improved in seven cities compared with a year earlier: Oxford, Carlisle, Portsmouth, Durham, Salford, Inverness and Glasgow.

According to the figures, Carlisle and Aberdeen are now more affordable than five years ago, while Inverness is the only city more affordable than 10 years ago.

An average home there costs 5.6 times average earnings, down from 6.2 in 2011, as wage growth there has outstripped house price growth.

"Affordability is significantly better in the North and there are now just two cities - Plymouth and Portsmouth - with better-than-average affordability in the South," said Mr Galley.

The top 20 least affordable cities in 2021

(Figures show the price-to-earnings ratio followed by the average house price and average annual earnings. Source: the Halifax)

1. Winchester, South East, 14.0, £630,432, £45,059

2. Oxford, South East, 12.4, £486,928, £39,220

=3. Truro, South West, 12.1, £356,788, £29,558

=3. Bath, South West, 12.1, £476,470, £39,508

5. Chichester, South East, 10.6, £446,899, £37,352

6. Cambridge, East Anglia, 11.9, £482,300, £40,492

7. Brighton and Hove, South East, 11.6, £449,243, £38,737

8. London, South East, 11.0, £564,695, £51,257

=9. St Albans, South East, 10.2, £604,423, £59,391

=9. Chelmsford, South East, 10.2, £424,690, £41,781

11. Salisbury, South West, 10.0, £392,355, £39,154

12. Exeter, South West, 9.9, £323,554, £32,635

13. Leicester, East Midlands, 9.7, £279,080, £28,725

14. Hereford, West Midlands, 9.7, 316,929, 32,839

15. Norwich, East Anglia, 9.4, £306,946, £32,632

16. Bristol, South West, 9.3, £346,902, £37,357

=17. Southampton, South East, 9.0, £310,435, £34,429

=17. Canterbury, South East, 9.0, £365,168, £40,565

=17. Gloucester, South West, 9.0, £287,600, £31,987

20. Worcester, West Midlands, 8.8, £303,132, £34,389

The top 20 most affordable cities in 2021

(Figures show the price-to-earnings ratio followed by the average house price and average annual earnings. Source: the Halifax)

1. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, 4.7, £155,917, £33,138

=2. Carlisle, North, 4.8, £163,232, £34,087

=2. Bradford, Yorkshire and the Humber, 4.8, £164,410, £34,219

=4. Stirling, Scotland, 5.4, £208,927, £38,744

=4. Aberdeen, Scotland, 5.4, £205,199, £38,016

=4. Glasgow, Scotland, 5.4, £196,625, £36,205

7. Perth, Scotland, 5.5, £203,229, £36,700

=8. Inverness, Scotland, 5.6, £191,840, £34,373

=8. Hull, Yorkshire and the Humber, 5.6, £156,424, £27,730

10. Dundee, Scotland, 5.8, £181,150, £31,344

11. Sunderland, North, 6.0, £179,567, £29,745

12. Lisburn, Northern Ireland, 6.1, £203,386, £33,138

=13. Salford, North West, 6.2, £211,903, £34,444

=13. Durham, North, 6.2, £196,274, £31,762

=13. Liverpool, North West, 6.2, £215,741, £34,911

=13. Belfast, Northern Ireland, 6.2, £205,228, £33,138

=13. Lancaster, North West, 6.2, £217,392, £35,004

18. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, North, 6.3, £229,434, £36,212

19. Stoke-on-Trent, West Midlands, 6.5, £200,161, £30,698

20. Edinburgh, Scotland, 6.8, £285,605, £42,245

(Source BBC).

The report shows further evidence of an exodus from London and the larger cities following the pandemic. Thousands of people are now working from home so commuting hundreds of miles is not an issue for the time being.

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With the rush to beat the stamp duty holiday now over property prices are starting to cool. Property investors should see a return to a more normal market in the coming months. I am definitely noticing more price reductions and properties coming back on the market after a sale fell through.

You can make money in property in any market if you know how, and you don’t even need to use your own money. You can start with zero capital using many of the ‘no money down’ strategies.

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A property expert friend of mine is running a web class on 18 August.

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